We know that myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are malignant neoplasms derived from clonal hematopoietic stem cells. They include true erythropoiesis (PV), primary thrombocytosis (ET) and myelofibrosis (MF). It refers to BCR/ABL gene negativity and is characterized by abnormal regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Patients with true erythrocytosis and primary thrombocytosis have an increased risk of thrombo-hemorrhagic complications, six times higher than the general population, and a risk of transformation to myelofibrosis and leukemia. In contrast to myelofibrosis, true erythroblastosis and prothrombocytosis are inert diseases with slow progression. The incidence of true erythroblastosis and prothrombocytosis, although higher than myelofibrosis, has a longer survival than myelofibrosis (median survival PV 14 years, ET 20 years, MF 6-8 years). The actual severity of clinical symptoms is not directly related to the prognosis of the disease, and survival, i.e., being symptomatic does not mean that the disease is severe. Previous treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms focused only on high-risk patients, neglecting those with significant clinical symptoms and consequently severely affecting quality of life and longevity. 2015 myeloproliferative neoplasm treatment focuses more on the management of associated clinical symptoms and how to improve quality of life. This coincides with the principles of Chinese medicine for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms.