Sympathetic excitation can result in either excitation or inhibition of various systems such as the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems.
Sympathetic nerves are part of the vegetative nervous system, which innervates the body’s internal organs such as digestion, respiration, cardiovascular, urinary and reproductive organs.
When the sympathetic nerves are excited, the circulatory system can be manifested as accelerated heartbeat, strengthened heart force, increased blood pressure, which can lead to vasoconstriction of the abdominal viscera and skin endings of the human body, and vasodilatation of the skeletal muscles.
During sympathetic excitation, the respiratory system may show inhibition of bronchial smooth muscle activity, dilation of small bronchial tubes, and increased ventilation. During sympathetic excitation, the digestive system may show slowing of gastrointestinal peristalsis and weakening of gastric juice secretion.
When sympathetic nerve excitation, the urinary system can be manifested as bladder muscle relaxation, internal sphincter contraction, preventing urine discharge.
Sympathetic excitation occurs when people are under stress, strenuous exercise, etc. This is a normal physiological phenomenon.