Since 1882, a generation of famous German doctors Langenbuch created the gallbladder lithotomy, for 120 years, because of the inability to reduce the recurrence rate of gallbladder stones, coupled with the gallbladder as the source of stone growth, the famous “hotbed theory”, so cholecystectomy as the gold standard for the treatment of cholecystitis, gallbladder stones. Millions of gallbladders are innocently removed each year in China (compared to about 500,000 in the United States). Today, it seems that surgeons are not very clear whether the hotbed theory was correct at that time, how high the recurrence rate of stones after cholecystectomy is, what is the quality of life of patients after cholecystectomy, and what are the long-term drawbacks, and there is no meta-analysis so far. Disadvantages after cholecystectomy: The function of the gallbladder is not very well known or valued by surgeons. It is only considered as: storage, concentration and excretion of bile. It is the biggest misconception in biliary surgery that postoperative discomfort is pushed to the internist. The gallbladder is now considered to have extremely complex and important functions and is an indispensable and irreplaceable important digestive and immune organ. After resection, there are at least the following disadvantages: 1, indigestion, bloating and diarrhea 2, reflux gastritis due to duodenal fluid reflux 3, increased incidence of postoperative common bile duct stones 4, liver damage 5, increased incidence of colon cancer (Morehead statistics 4 times higher in 200 cases) 6, postoperative intestinal and hepatic circulation and lipid metabolism changes can not be fully restored 7, loss of certain immune functions of the gallbladder. Theoretical update: The reason for cutting gallbladder is the so-called hotbed theory of high recurrence rate, focal theory and cancer theory. Small triangle metabolic theory, Langenbuch believes that the concentration of cholesterol in the gallbladder bile is oversaturated and solid cholesterol crystals are precipitated to form cholesterol stones. Cholesterol is secreted by the liver and the hotbed of stone formation is not in the gallbladder but in the liver. Our predecessor in biliary surgery, Professor Ran Ruitu, believed that gallbladder stones originate from the liver and that the indications for cholecystectomy (gallbladder stones) should be modified with. Therefore, the modern concept that the hotbed doctrine is obsolete cannot be advocated. The high rate of recurrence is due to the residual stones that could not be removed without choledochoscopy in the past surgery. There is no way to explain the theory of cancer, as gallbladder polyps and gallbladder cancer can occur without stones. If it is said that gallbladder cancer is caused by stimulation of gallbladder stones. The gallbladder stone extraction is a good medicine to prevent cancer. Academician Huang Zhiqiang has repeatedly emphasized and questioned whether the idea of LC to prevent gallbladder cancer is right? Undoubtedly this theory is wrong. Minimally invasive gallbladder preservation has many benefits! By preserving the gallbladder, the function of the gallbladder is preserved and many complications after cholecystectomy are eliminated and a lot of medically induced damages are reduced. The procedure is easy, safe, less invasive, and not only does it eliminate the occurrence of more complicated common bile duct stones, but many people psychologically believe that they still have a gallbladder, which is also a comfort. In the past 19 years, many scholars in China have questioned and challenged the traditional bile-cutting theory, and have made significant progress. The first national academic conference on minimally invasive endoscopic biliary preservation was held in December 2007, and at the 13th National Biliary Surgery Conference in 2008, academician Huang Zhiqiang, a master of biliary surgery in China, made it clear that the development of endoscopic biliary stone extraction is a major event in the 21st century. Its surgical specification has been collected into the textbook of higher education institutions. (Department of pharmacy surgery book) In conclusion, there should be a change of concept for the treatment of gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps. It should be human-oriented, both to remove gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps and to protect gallbladder function. Every physician should first consider protecting the function of human organs and maintaining the balance of the internal environment, and consider removing the gallbladder when necessary, not to mention “prevention” and “incidental” removal of the gallbladder for no reason, which is the correct perspective of treating gallbladder diseases.