The glucose contained in the blood is called blood glucose. The blood glucose concentration is relatively stable in normal people, and the postprandial blood glucose can be temporarily increased, but not more than 180mg/dl (11.8mmol/L), and the fasting blood concentration is more constant, normally 70-110mg/dl (3.9-6.1mmol/L), and the conversion method of the two units is: 1mg/dL=0.0655mmol/L.
Main sources of blood sugar.
1. Food, rice, flour, corn, potatoes, granulated sugar (sucrose), fruit (fructose), milk (lactose), etc., are converted into glucose by digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed into the blood as blood sugar through the intestine. Hu Junming, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Baicheng City Hospital
2. hepatic glycogen stored in the liver and muscle glycogen stored in the muscles are broken down into glucose into the blood.
3. non-sugar substances, i.e. dietary proteins, fat breakdown amino acids, lactic acid, glycerol, etc. are converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis.
There are three main pathways by which blood glucose goes.
1. oxidative decomposition of glucose in tissues and organs to supply energy.
2. anaerobic enzymolysis of glucose during strenuous activity or when the body is deprived of oxygen, producing lactic acid and small amounts of energy to supplement the body’s immediate needs.
3. glucose can be synthesized into liver glycogen and muscle glycogen for storage; excess glucose can be converted into fat in the liver, etc.