”Eyes in heaven, no eyes in hell”, the pain of visual impairment can only be truly experienced by the visually disabled, but carefree babies will not know themselves even if they have vision problems, only by our attentive parents and professional doctors to find out. Vision is formed by our eyes seeing an object, then the optic nerve transmits the visual signal to the visual center of the cerebral cortex for analysis, and the brain reacts according to the analysis. Problems in any part of this process can cause a lack of vision. In simple terms, our eyes are like cameras, the optic nerve is the data line, the visual center and the cerebral cortex are like the computer mainframe, and none of the above three parts can be missing for visual formation. For infants, the following visual impairments are common: retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve atrophy, cortical blindness, etc. Retinopathy of prematurity is a problem of the eye itself, often occurring in very low birth weight infants less than 32 weeks of gestational age and weighing less than 1500 grams, mostly caused by damage to the retinal vessels due to prolonged oxygenation. For these types of preterm infants, regular fundus examinations are recommended for early detection and timely treatment, with the first examination usually four weeks after birth and regular follow-up thereafter. Optic nerve atrophy can be caused by damage to the optic nerve due to hypoxia or inflammation, which can be detected early by fundus examination, and partial vision can be restored with early active treatment. Visual evoked potential examination (VEP) can be seen as abnormal. Cortical blindness is caused by damage to the visual center of the occipital cortex caused by hypoxia or inflammation. There is no light perception, complete loss of vision, and no blink reflex to bright light or stimuli such as rapid approach of the hand to the eye, but the pupil reflex to light is normal. Visual evoked potentials and cranial CT and MRI are commonly abnormal. Cortical blindness is partially reversible and is called temporary cortical blindness, or permanent cortical blindness if the damage is too severe and irreversible. Other common vision problems in infants include problems with eye development itself, as well as poor focusing due to nystagmus and amblyopia due to ocular strabismus. It is also common for children with frequent seizures to have vision loss and loss of vision due to damage to the visual center caused by frequent seizures. If the child still has no perception of the outside world or is unresponsive, it is necessary to visit the hospital to rule out vision or intellectual problems.