Esophageal mucosal lesion refers to the presence of inflammation, hyperplasia, edema, congestion, erosion, ulceration and other lesions of the esophageal mucosa, most commonly seen in esophagitis, esophageal polyps, esophageal cancer and other diseases. 1. Esophagitis: this disease refers to edema, congestion, and even erosion and ulceration of the esophageal mucosa due to various reasons. It is usually considered that it may be related to abnormalities of the lower esophageal sphincter, pathogenic microbial infections, radiation, decreased immunity, improper diet, chemical corrosive agents and other causes. Common symptoms include acid reflux, heartburn, chest pain, and dysphagia. 2. Esophageal polyp: This disease is a kind of benign tumor of the esophagus, and inflammation, ulcer and other lesions of the esophageal mucosa can be found through examination. Although the etiology of the disease is not yet clear, studies have shown that it is mainly related to chronic inflammatory stimulation. Generally, polyps are asymptomatic when they are small, but if the size of polyps is large, symptoms such as dysphagia, vomiting, nausea, vomiting blood and so on will appear. 3. Esophageal cancer: this disease belongs to malignant tumor disease, and there are lesions such as hyperplasia or ulceration of esophageal mucosa. The causes of esophageal cancer are complicated, which may be related to nitrosamines, long-term smoking and drinking, improper diet and heredity. Early stage of the disease may be asymptomatic, and with further development of the disease, patients will have symptoms such as choking when eating, foreign body sensation in the sternum, and weight loss. When esophageal mucosal lesions are detected, further examination is required to clarify the cause of the disease and target treatment.