Fistula refers to the drainage of secretions from the body’s digestive tract or organs such as the gallbladder, kidneys, etc. through the abdominal wall or body surface without passing through their original ducts. Fistulas are mainly used to alleviate symptoms or conditions when the diseased tissue cannot be removed and secretions cannot be discharged due to the cause of the disease in the body. Fistula can be categorized into permanent fistula and temporary fistula according to the length of time the fistula port is used. Permanent fistulas are those that cannot be returned, and temporary fistulas are those that require a second stage of surgery. Fistula can be divided into gastrostomy, intestinal fistula, cholangiostomy, cystostomy, etc. Indications for gastric cancer after resection, intestinal necrosis, biliary tract tumors, urinary retention and drainage. After fistulas, attention should be paid to its drainage, which needs to be sterilized regularly, discharging secretions, and paying attention to the cleanliness and cleanliness of the fistula opening. Fistulas need to be operated by specialized doctors according to the specific condition of the patient, and follow-up treatment measures should be carried out under the guidance of doctors.