The T-cell test for tuberculosis infection is a means of immunological testing and is indicated as an aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection diseases such as active tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and tuberculous peritonitis, but should not be used as a test criterion alone. A positive result of a simple T-cell test for TB infection is not very meaningful and requires a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s symptoms, as well as other imaging indicators. Under normal circumstances, the reference result of a T-cell test for TB infection is negative. If the test result is positive, it means that the patient has been vaccinated against TB infection (i.e. BCG vaccine), or has recovered from previous TB infection on his own or after treatment, or is currently infected with TB. Depending on the patient’s clinical presentation, TB infection can be divided into latent TB and active TB. Patients with latent TB usually have no conscious symptoms, while active TB may be accompanied by symptoms such as low-grade fever, cough, weight loss, weakness of the limbs, loss of appetite, and poor sleep quality. Patients who present with a positive T-cell test for tuberculosis infection may undergo sputum bacterial culture and lung CT tests under the guidance of a physician. If the patient is diagnosed with active TB after other tests, anti-tuberculosis medication should be administered early according to the principles of early, regular, full, moderate and combined treatment. Commonly used clinical drugs include isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and streptomycin.