The effect of minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation depends on the type of lumbar disc herniation, as follows: a. Single-segment lumbar disc herniation: if it is a single-segment lumbar disc herniation, good results can be achieved through minimally invasive surgery, and nowadays minimally invasive surgery mostly uses intervertebral foraminoscopy technology. Second, multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation: If it is a multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation with obvious spinal stenosis, ligamentum flavum hyperplasia and posterior longitudinal ligament hyperplasia, this situation often cannot be completely treated through minimally invasive surgery, and open surgery is generally recommended. Open surgery involves removal of the ligamentum flavum, opening of the vertebral plate, or laminectomy for decompression, and then removal of the herniated disc tissue, and sometimes complete removal of the disc and fusion of the vertebral body is required, so in such complex cases, open surgery is recommended for its good results and low recurrence rate.