White matter demyelinating disease generally refers to demyelinating leukoencephalopathy, which is not easily treated. Demyelinating leukoencephalopathy is often caused by autoimmune diseases, which can be seen as immune reactions caused by post-infections, viral infections or vaccinations, and can also be caused by physical and chemical factors or ischemia and hypoxia, making it relatively difficult to treat. Patients often suffer from cognitive impairment, decreased brain function, decreased calculation power, memory loss, and even drowsiness and coma, and the condition may continue to worsen if left untreated. Demyelinating white matter encephalopathy often requires high doses of glucocorticoid drugs, such as prednisone and dexamethasone, which can alleviate the progression of the disease and improve patients’ quality of life. It is recommended to actively cooperate with doctors to take treatment after diagnosis in order to control the disease and improve symptoms. The medication should be used in strict compliance with the doctor’s instructions.