OVERVIEW
Overview of Alkali-Producing Bacteria
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a rare inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by infection with alkali-producing bacteria. Out-of-hospital infections are more common than nosocomial infections, with fever, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, and malaise.
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Department
Respiratory Medicine, Infection
Clinical symptoms
Fever, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, malaise, cough, chest pain, pus and sputum, etc. 13% of patients have skin lesions, mainly erythematous, nodular, bubonic plague-like lesions without crusts or ulcers.
Hazards
It can cause electrolyte disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, DIC, etc.
Complications
Electrolyte disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), etc.
Tests
Blood routine, X-ray film, CT, pathogenetic examination, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made based on symptoms such as cough, sputum with fever, combined with routine blood tests, pathology and imaging tests.
Treatment principle
Anti-infection treatment and symptomatic supportive treatment.
Curability
Few cases have been recorded, and it is not clear yet.
Dietary advice
Balanced nutrition, light diet, avoid spicy and greasy food, etc.
Etiology
Epidemiology
Most often occurs in immunocompromised patients, the most common underlying disease is malignancy, as well as cardiovascular disease, and rarely in neonates or immature children.
Etiology
Mycobacterium alkaloides is a conditionally pathogenic bacterium that occurs most often in immunocompromised patients. The most common underlying diseases are malignant tumors, cardiovascular disease, and, rarely, neonates or immature infants.
Routes of transmission
Respiratory
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
Out-of-hospital infections are more obvious than nosocomial infections, with fever, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, malaise, coughing, chest pain, and purulent sputum, etc. Thirteen percent of the patients have skin lesions, mainly erythema, nodules, and bubonic plague-like lesions without crusts or ulcers.
Diagnostic basis
Chest imaging suggests that there are large shadows of uneven density in the outer bands of the lungs, and combined with the clinical manifestations (temperature >38℃, increased or decreased WBC, purulent sputum, etc.) and sputum pathogenetic examination, clinical diagnosis and pathogenetic diagnosis can be made. The nutritional requirements of this bacterium are not high, and it grows in ordinary agar petri dishes. It is important to send specimens in a timely manner and recognize the pathogenicity of this bacterium as a conditional pathogen, which should not be ignored.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Anti-infective therapy and symptomatic supportive therapy.
Drug therapy
Aminoglycosides such as nertilmicin and third generation cephalosporins, sulfamethoxazole/metronidazole (SMZ Co), imipenem, polymyxins B and E, vancomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and carbenicillin.
Prognosis
Few large number of cases have been counted and it is not known.
Nursing care
Daily care
Pay attention to rest, avoid catching cold, avoid or reduce dust and smoke inhalation, and avoid active and passive smoking to avoid aggravating lung damage. To prevent and promptly treat colds and flu, etc.
Dietary regulation
Pay attention to balanced nutrition, light diet, avoid spicy and greasy food, etc.