Cold and heat are a kind of temperature stimulation to the body, which can cause changes in the cardiovascular system, blood system, respiratory system, metabolism, etc., and play the role of anti-inflammatory, pain relief, warmth, cooling, etc. A, the efficacy of cold compress 1, stop bleeding cold compress can make the subcutaneous vasoconstriction, so the available cold compress to stop bleeding. The most commonly used, such as nosebleeds with cold water pat wash, or use a towel dipped in cold water to put the forehead and the bridge of the nose, have a hemostatic effect. 2, pain local cold compress can inhibit the activity of tissue cells and nerve endings and reduce pain, but also constrict blood vessels, reduce local blood flow, thereby reducing the pressure on the nerve endings, also has a pain-relieving effect. But the cold compress time should not be too long, once every 3-4 hours, each time 20-30 minutes can be. 3, swelling If the sprain or contusion, immediately after the implementation of cold compress, can make vasoconstriction and prevent blood flow into the surrounding tissues, to stop cold compress, when the blood returns to normal, the injured part of the body has been repaired and coagulation, so as to reduce local bruising and swelling. Two or three days later, in order to accelerate the absorption of bleeding can be changed to hot compresses. 4, to prevent inflammation, septic and infection spread Because the cold can reduce local blood flow, so can stop the progress and spread of infection, cold compresses and weaken the role of bacteria and tissue activity, and therefore can prevent inflammation. It is worth noting that the color of the skin should be checked frequently when cold compress is applied, if the skin color becomes blue and purple, and the feeling of numbness, it means that the venous blood stasis is accumulated, and the cold compress must be stopped immediately, otherwise the supply of nutrition and oxygen will be hindered, and the resistance of the cells will be reduced, which can cause tissue necrosis in serious cases. Second, the efficacy of hot compress 1, dissipate inflammation, promote the septic warmth can make local congestion, improve blood circulation and the phagocytic ability of white blood cells. Therefore, the role of promoting the absorption of inflammation (anti-inflammatory swelling), promote the suppuration, such as abscess boils in the non-suppurative lymphadenitis, etc. are suitable for hot compresses. 2, pain relief joint pain or abdominal pain caused by cold, flatulence, etc. with hot compresses have good effect. 3, warmth elderly or seriously ill, poor blood circulation or body temperature down to 36 ℃ or below, can use hot compresses to keep warm. Must pay attention to: acute appendicitis and dental disease, such as infection and septic avoid doing hot compresses. Cold and hot compress therapy Cold compress therapy Cold compress can make the subcutaneous capillary constriction, blood flow reduction, reduce local congestion, inhibit the sensory function of nerve cells, reduce pain, with cooling, hemostasis, pain relief, prevent secondary infection and hematoma increase. Cold compress therapy commonly used in the following two: 1, ice bag compress method: this is a dry cold compress method, in the conditions of ice cold compress especially effective, in the rubber made of ice bag, filled with half a bag of crushed ice (or cold water), the bag flat on the table, so that the mouth of the bag raised, with the hand lightly pressed bag body, discharge the gas in the bag, and then tighten the bag, dry the surface of the water, set on the cloth cover, placed in the forehead, groin and armpits, etc. can. Cold compress time is generally 20 to 30 minutes, multiple times a day. 2, wet cold compress method: with a basin of cold water (winter can be put in ice, summer is best to use the newly taken well water), basin soak two small towels or gauze, take out wrung to half dry after compressing on the affected part. 4 to 5 minutes to change a dressing cloth, each time compress 20 ~ 30 minutes, multiple times a day. Indications 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ water for a degree of burns, electro-optic ophthalmia effect is better. Also suitable for nosebleeds, soft tissue blunt contusion, early joint sprain and cranio-cerebral injury, cerebral hemorrhage, gas poisoning, high fever headache and other diseases. Cold compress tips: 1. For acute trauma or subacute injury, only cold treatment can be applied to the wound within three days after the injury. 2.The treatment time depends on several factors, including the size of the treatment area, the different treatment methods, and individual differences. For example, a thin person will need a shorter treatment time, because cold treatment does not need to penetrate the body tissue muscle to reduce the body temperature. 3, for acute injuries, the minimum time to use cold treatment is 10 – 20 minutes. Many people will choose to continue cold compresses for an hour or longer. Some people will also choose to repeat cold compresses every few hours for 4-72 hours after the injury. 4.In order to reduce muscle soreness after exercise, it is recommended to apply cold compresses to the skin after 10 – 20 minutes of exercise. 5.For chronic discomfort, such as a cold, you can also choose a minimum of 10 minutes of repeated cold treatment. 6, If you have a low fever, are allergic to ice or you will be cold often, then it is recommended to put a towel on the cold pack when doing cold treatments. Hot compress therapy Hot compress can make the body surface temperature rise, subcutaneous tissue stretching, relaxation and expansion of spasmodic capillaries, accelerated blood flow, and vigorous metabolism, which promotes blood activation, bruising, muscle production, anti-inflammation, swelling, pain relief and softening of scar tissue at the lesion site. Hot compress therapy is commonly used in the following two kinds: 1, hot water bag method: belongs to a dry heat compress method. First check the hot water bag has no gas leakage, and then the hot water (preferably 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃) to 2/3 of the bag capacity, discharge gas, screw the mouth of the bag, dry the water outside the bag, packed into a cloth sleeve or wrapped with cloth to be used. In general, each hot compress 20 ~ 30 minutes, 3 ~ 4 times a day. If there is no hot water bag, you can also use a warming pot (wrapped in a towel) hot compress, can also be used to fry hot salt or rice into the cloth bag instead. 2, wet heat compress method: dressing cloth available gauze or towel made. First dip the dressing cloth in a basin of hot water, take out and wring to half dry, with their own wrist palm side test whether the temperature is appropriate (must not be hot to dress the affected part), dressing cloth and then covered with cotton pads to avoid heat dissipation, about every 5 minutes to change 1 dressing cloth. The dressing cloth should be prepared in two pieces, and the skin color should be observed when changing. Each time 15-20 minutes, 3-4 times a day. This treatment is contraindicated for acute abdominal conditions of unknown diagnosis, infections in the facial triangle, internal bleeding in various organs, soft tissue contusions or early stages of joint sprains, skin eczema, bacterial conjunctivitis, etc. Indications Chronic gastrointestinal diseases, pain caused by soft tissue injuries, boils without pus drainage, lymphadenitis, wheals of the eyes, toothache, pharyngitis, tracheitis, arthritis and urinary disorders. Hot compress tips: 1. The best time for hot compress should be between 15-20 minutes. Because the heat of the hot compress needs at least 15 minutes to enter the human tissue and play a therapeutic role. 2, heat compress method can be divided into dry heat compress and wet heat compress, which wet heat compress heat penetration is stronger, for reducing soft tissue congestion in the neck, lifting muscle spasm, pain caused by ankylosis, etc. has a significant role. 3, do not try to numb the skin and reduce pain with a hot bag with too high a temperature. This will reduce the sensitivity of the skin to the outside world in the long run.