Both chemotherapy and surgery for lung cancer are good and important. Lung cancer treatment must be a means of comprehensive treatment, and a single treatment method cannot be taken out and compared in a cut and dried manner. Lung cancer should be treated at different periods and stages, and appropriate treatment means should be chosen according to the situation. In early stage lung cancer, surgery should be perfected if it is possible, and according to postoperative pathology, if there are high-risk factors or late staging, regular postoperative chemotherapy or targeted therapy should be carried out. There are some cases where surgery is not possible, such as extensive stage small cell lung cancer, where surgery does not make any sense, and at this time, chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy are mainly relied upon to prolong the patient’s survival time. So there is no comparison between these two, they are both important for the treatment of lung cancer patients, and the choice is made according to the situation.