Neonatal jaundice is caused by the yellowing of the skin or other organs due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the body. When jaundice exceeds a certain level, it is pathological jaundice, or what we usually call high jaundice. Commonly, high jaundice is manifested in the following ways: First, jaundice appears within 24 hours of birth, and the skin of the child appears yellowish on the face, forehead and other parts of the body. Under normal circumstances, jaundice appears 2 to 3 days after birth, peaking at about 5 days, followed by a slow remission of jaundice, during which time if the jaundice exceeds the average level of jaundice for the day age, it is also considered high jaundice. Jaundice is pathological if it rises more than 5 mg/dl per day, if it remains jaundiced for more than two weeks in term infants and more than 3 to 4 weeks in preterm infants, if direct bilirubin exceeds 2 mg/dl, or if jaundice has subsided and reappears, or if it decreases in degree and then increases again. High jaundice must be actively etiologic, because continuously rising bilirubin can enter the brain through the blood-brain barrier and cause central nervous system dysfunction, which, if left untreated, can cause permanent damage, often resulting in necrosis of the basal nuclei, hippocampus, hypothalamic nuclei and cerebellar neurons, also commonly known as bilirubin encephalopathy (nuclear jaundice). The presence of pathological jaundice in children must be treated actively to reduce the yellowing and symptomatic treatment of the primary disease in a timely manner to avoid adverse reactions of hyperbilirubinemia to the child.