The preparation of patients before anesthesia includes the following aspects: 1. diet: 6-8 hours of fasting and 2 hours of water fasting before surgery; 2. medication: patients taking long-term antihypertensive drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and anti-arrhythmic drugs can continue to use medication early in the morning before surgery, but reserpine should be discontinued a week before surgery and replaced with other types of drugs, while patients taking long-term antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs should decide whether to discontinue or change medication according to their condition and type of surgery; 3. Patients on long-term antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs should decide whether to stop or change their medication according to their own condition and type of surgery; 3, lifestyle habits: quit smoking and alcohol 1 week before surgery; 4, hygiene: clean skin, trim nails, shave beard, remove ornaments and dentures the night before surgery; 5, other: need to exercise bed urination and defecation, deep breathing, coughing, because most of the postoperative bed, deep breathing and effective coughing can prevent postoperative lung infection and facilitate recovery.