Diabetes mellitus is a common and frequent disease, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly with the improvement of people’s living standard, population aging, and lifestyle changes, showing a gradually growing epidemic trend. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the main microvascular lesions of diabetes, and diabetes has become the first cause of end-stage renal disease in Europe and the United States, and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in China is also increasing and trending younger. With the development of diabetic nephropathy, there will be a large amount of proteinuria and elevated creatinine, and finally it will develop into uremia, which is quite difficult to treat. In order to detect renal lesions earlier, diabetic patients should pay attention to regular urine routine, urine microalbumin, renal function tests, and even glomerular rate filtration and endogenous creatinine clearance tests, in order to detect nephropathy or coexisting primary nephropathy diseases as early as possible, and use effective measures to intervene in the progress of the disease.