Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is a disease with an unknown cause and a series of clinical symptoms and signs caused by pulmonary hypertension, which is called idiopathic pulmonary hypertension because the cause is unknown, and can also be understood as primary pulmonary hypertension. The incidence of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is usually low and uncommon, but it can be harmful to the body, for example, it may lead to right heart failure and hemoptysis, etc. Generally, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension may be related to drug factors, viral infections, genetic factors, and autoimmune system diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus infection can trigger idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, and the mechanism of production may be related to the virus inhibiting the potassium channels in the smooth muscle of pulmonary hypertension, making it functionally defective. If due to genetic factors, embryonic development or pulmonary vascular dysplasia may be the main cause of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Because the cause of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is unknown, there is no particularly effective treatment. Current treatment focuses on targeted therapy and lung transplantation, and generally patients who have undergone the above treatments can alleviate clinical symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain, which also help prolong survival time. In conclusion, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is a relatively rare clinical disease with unknown causes and no specific drug treatment, so patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary hypertension have a poor prognosis. In addition, it is recommended that patients have regular medical checkups to understand the changes in their bodies and try to achieve early treatment if abnormalities occur.