How is diabetes caused? Is Gastric Diversion a cure? “Diabetes” is such a common word that we don’t know how many people are troubled by it and how many people are suffering from it. 2013, the number of patients with diabetes surgery reached 382 million worldwide, and the prevalence of diabetes surgery in China has soared from 0.67% 30 years ago to 11.6% today, a 17-fold increase, with the total number of people suffering from diabetes exceeding 114 million. The number of patients exceeded 114 million, accounting for about one-third of the world, and has become the world’s number one country for diabetes. How is diabetes caused? Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar. Hyperglycemia, in turn, is caused by a defect in insulin secretion or impairment of its biological action, or both. The long-term presence of hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves. Etiology 1. Genetic factors There is significant genetic heterogeneity in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There is a tendency for diabetes to develop in families, and 1/4 to 1/2 of patients have a family history of diabetes. There are at least 60 clinical genetic syndromes that can be associated with diabetes. type 1 diabetes has multiple DNA loci involved in the pathogenesis, with the DQ locus polymorphism in the HLA antigen gene being the most closely related. In type 2 diabetes a variety of clear genetic mutations have been identified, such as insulin genes, insulin receptor genes, glucokinase genes, mitochondrial genes, etc. The main environmental factor for type 2 diabetes is obesity due to excessive eating and reduced physical activity, which makes individuals with genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes susceptible to the disease. type 1 diabetic patients have abnormal immune system, which leads to autoimmune reaction after certain viruses such as coxsackie virus, rubella virus, mumps virus, etc., which destroys insulin beta cells. Is gastric diversion a treatment? Gastric diversion surgery was first performed by Austrian surgeon Theodor Billroth in 1885 for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer, and evolved into a bariatric surgery in the 1950s. In 1995, Pories completed a 14-year clinical observation of 146 obese diabetic patients and found that the attainment rate of diabetes after gastric diversion was 80%, and after decades of development and improvement In March 2011, the International Diabetes Federation issued a statement: Surgery is recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes in the early stages of the disease. In March 2011, the International Diabetes Federation issued a statement recommending surgery for type 2 diabetes patients in the early stages of the disease. In 2011, the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch officially included surgery for diabetes in the Chinese Diabetes Prevention and Control Guidelines, making gastric diversion surgery a new hope for type 2 diabetes patients. Surgery principle: Gastrointestinal tract is the largest “endocrine organ” in the human body. In terms of physiological functions, in addition to digestion and absorption, the gastrointestinal tract also performs the function of an endocrine organ, i.e., gastrointestinal hormones are involved in regulating the homeostasis of blood glucose levels, and the physiological role is to regulate the dynamic balance of islet proliferation, proliferation and re-birth of apoptosis. Our preliminary research has shown that the dysfunction of gastrointestinal hormone regulation of islets is one of the pathogenesis of diabetes, which means that the patient first develops the dysfunction of gastrointestinal hormone regulation mechanism, resulting in the decrease of islet cells and the increase of apoptosis, and finally the phenomenon of elevated blood glucose level, and the diagnosis of diabetes is established. On the contrary, after surgery, the islet regulation mechanism is improved, and the mechanism of islet cell proliferation, proliferation and regeneration is activated, and eventually the islet function is improved and diabetes is cured.