The posterior group of cranial nerves refers to the 9th-12th cranial nerve pairs, which represent the glossopharyngeal, vagus, paracranial, and hypoglossal nerves, respectively. When the posterior group of cranial nerves is damaged, dysphagia, choking and coughing, hoarseness of voice, loss or diminished pharyngeal sensation and pharyngeal reflex, paralysis of the soft palate, and weakness of the sternocleidomastoid or trapezius muscles, which is manifested as weakness of turning the head or shrugging the shoulders, may occur. The posterior group of cranial nerves all originate from the medulla oblongata and they are closely connected and may be heavily problematic when damaged. A general fracture or ischemia of the posterior circulation may cause damage to the posterior group of cranial nerves. The glossopharyngeal nerve controls the taste of the posterior third of the tongue and the secretion of the parotid gland, the vagus nerve controls dysphagia, sensation, and vegetative function, the parasympathetic nerve controls head turning and shoulder shrugging, and the hypoglossal nerve controls the movement of the tongue muscles.