Globally, about 1.2 million women develop breast cancer and 500,000 women die from breast cancer each year.
The incidence of breast cancer in Asia is significantly lower than that in Europe and the United States, but the incidence of breast cancer in major cities in China has increased by 37% in 10 years. Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and coastal areas are the high incidence areas of breast cancer in China, with Shanghai being the highest, and the incidence of breast cancer is the first among female malignant tumors. Sample survey shows that the incidence rate in Tianjin, Beijing, Harbin and Wuhan all take the first or second place among local female malignant tumors; and the mortality rate is the fourth or fifth place among female malignant tumors.
Breast cancer mainly occurs in women and is rare in men. The incidence of breast cancer in women is nearly 100 times higher than that in men.
These people are prone to breast cancer.
1. Those who have a family history of breast cancer, especially those whose mothers or sisters have had breast cancer.
2. Early menarche (before the age of 12) or late amenorrhea (after the age of 52).
3. Not pregnant at age 40 or older or first full-term birth after age 35.
4.People who have suffered from breast cancer on one side and have high risk factors on the opposite side.
5. 2% to 3% of people with breast enlargement will develop breast cancer; the incidence of breast cancer in people with breast enlargement is 3.4 times higher than that of normal people.
6. Those who have had too many X-ray or chest X-ray examinations.
7.Patients who have suffered from functional uterine bleeding or uterine body adenocarcinoma.
8. Obese patients, especially those who are significantly obese after menopause or with diabetes. It threatens the health and life of young and middle-aged women.
Signs of breast cancer.
1.Breast lump: It is the most common sign of breast cancer, about 80% of breast cancer patients come to the clinic for this reason. Unlike breast lumps, these lumps are often single, irregular in shape, relatively hard in texture, not very active, mostly painless, and not much related to menstrual cycle. In order not to miss the chance of early diagnosis, any painless breast lump should be regarded as an early sign of breast cancer and immediately go to the hospital for medical attention.
2. Nipple eczema: The epidermis of the skin at the nipple or areola is flaky and eroded, showing eczema-like lesions, and the lesions are mostly painless and long-lasting.
3, nipple overflow: non-lactating women, suddenly found unilateral nipple with milk-like, watery, purulent fluid overflow, especially when there is bloody fluid overflow should be more alert. Where women over 50 years of age find bloody discharge from nipple, more than 60% of them are breast cancer patients.
4. Nipple crinkling: Breast cancer occurring in the central region can cause nipple retraction, deviation or fixation. If bilateral nipple asymmetry is found, timely examination should be conducted.
There are ways to detect breast cancer at an early stage.
A set of self-examination method has been implemented by oncology experts, which is currently considered the easiest and most effective method for women to detect breast cancer at an early stage. it is best for women over 20 years old to insist on self-examination once a month with this method, so as to develop good self-care habits. This method is performed in the following steps.
1, standing in front of the mirror, both hands up over the head or free hanging, observe whether the shape of both sides of the breast is flat and symmetrical, whether there are unevenness; whether there is erosion, secretion and wrinkling of the nipple.
2. Lie on your back with your left shoulder slightly padded and your left hand on your head. Then stretch out the right hand and touch all parts of the left breast with the inside of the breast and nipple as the center, paying attention to any hard knots, lumps, painful points, especially the upper outer part, and pay attention to the hand to move flat when touching, not to pinch up the breast to avoid the illusion. The same method is used to touch the right breast with the left hand.
3. Pay attention to the bilateral armpits and supraclavicular fossa, and touch for any enlarged lymph nodes.
Unfavorable factors that predispose to breast cancer.
1. Excessive intake of food with high fat content.
2. Frequent drinking and smoking. A young woman who drinks alcohol 3 to 6 times a week, each time based on 250 ml of beer or 185 ml of spirits, will increase her risk of breast cancer by 30% to 60% in the future.