The full name of ESD endoscopic surgery is endoscopic submucosal dissection, which is a standard minimally invasive procedure for endoscopic dissection of the mucosa of the digestive system. The main indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection are early cancers and precancerous lesions in the digestive tract, and its contraindications are patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency and coagulation disorders. It is characterized by less trauma, more thorough treatment and lower recurrence rate. After this procedure, attention should be paid to the control of diet, anti-infection, prevention of bleeding and other complications. When patients undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection, they should be examined and treated under the guidance of professional doctors. In case of vomiting blood or black stool after the operation, the patient should go to the hospital for examination in time and be treated under the guidance of professional doctors.