A high risk of open neural tube defects is suggested by the Down’s screening during pregnancy and should be examined in detail by an experienced sonographer, who will ultimately confirm the diagnosis, and induce labor if the diagnosis is a severe neural tube abnormality. Open neural tube defects are caused by abnormal closure of the fetal neural tube during development at 5 to 6 weeks of pregnancy, mid-pregnancy screening for Down’s syndrome can be screened for the risk of neural tube defects by the serological index alpha-fetoprotein, if high risk is indicated, the obstetrics outpatient clinic should be timely and experienced ultrasonographers should carry out a detailed examination, and if the diagnosis is confirmed as a severe neural tube malformation, then labor will need to be induced. Neural tube defects used to rank first among the birth defects in China, and its preventive measures, i.e., taking oral folic acid during the preparation for pregnancy and the first trimester of pregnancy, are simple and effective. Women who have given birth to children with neural tube defects should consult the obstetrics clinic before pregnancy, and under the guidance of the obstetrician, prepare for pregnancy and adjust the oral folic acid and its dosage and duration.