Smooth muscle lipoma of the kidney is also known as a misshapen tumor of the kidney, and it is a benign, not malignant, tumor in the nature of the disease. The treatment plan should be based on the size of the tumor and its pressure on the surrounding tissues, and whether it is combined with conscious symptoms. In principle, for renal smooth muscle lipoma without any symptoms and found by physical examination, if its size is less than 4cm, it can be observed clinically. CT of the kidney should be repeated every six months to one year to find out how the renal smooth muscle lipoma changes. For tumors smaller than 4cm in size, if they are combined with local pain, bleeding, infection and other symptoms, surgical treatment or vascular embolization can be considered to stop bleeding. For larger renal smooth muscle lipoma, such as larger than 4cm, which causes pressure on the surrounding tissues or pressure on the kidney, surgical resection is recommended, but the principle of the surgery is to preserve the normal renal unit as much as possible.