Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of disability in adults, characterized by high incidence, disability, mortality and recurrence rates. In 2008, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (formerly the Ministry of Health) announced a new order of causes of death in China, and stroke jumped to the number one cause of death and became the number one killer of the nation. Stroke not only causes physical disability such as physical mobility and speech impairment, but also significantly affects the cognitive function of patients. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 80% of all strokes. Post-stroke cognitive impairment not only seriously affects the patient’s ability to perform daily activities, but also adversely affects the recovery of physical function after stroke, and is one of the major causes of stroke disability. Patients who have developed severe cognitive impairment or even dementia have no good treatment method, therefore, it is especially important to strengthen the research of post-stroke cognitive dysfunction prevention and treatment. Domestic and international studies on risk factors for cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke mainly include the effects of age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, carotid intima-media thickness, lifestyle, and brain atrophy, cerebral white matter lesions, and stroke site on cognitive impairment after stroke, and the relationship between some of these factors and cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke is still controversial. Cognitive impairment after stroke is associated with the following seven factors They are site of initial stroke, lesion characteristics, presence of hyperhomocysteinemia, side of lesion, comorbidities, education and age. Also, the researchers concluded that cognitive impairment was more likely to occur in those with anterior cerebral lesions, multi-site/large lesions, hyperhomocysteinemia, left hemispheric lesions, comorbidities such as hypertension/diabetes, lower educational level, and older age. The site of brain tissue infarction is important for cognitive function because if the site of infarction happens to be an area that manages cognitive functions such as thinking and memory, dysfunction is likely to occur. Therefore, damage to the left side and anterior part of the brain is more likely to cause cognitive impairment. In addition, since cognitive dysfunction after stroke belongs to vascular dementia, i.e., brain dysfunction caused by blood perfusion problems, and hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease happen to affect vascular function and blood perfusion, thus they are also one of the mechanisms causing cognitive impairment. To address the above related factors, stroke patients should be instructed to adopt correct therapeutic measures and good lifestyle to reduce or improve cognitive dysfunction after stroke. Clinicians should pay adequate attention to such diseases in order to detect them early and take targeted measures such as aggressive treatment of the primary lesion, lowering homocysteine blood levels, controlling blood pressure and blood glucose levels, and preventing stroke recurrence to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment and improve the condition.