Fetal corpus callosum is usually slightly slender due to hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, which is possible if there is no accompanying craniocephalic malformation. Individual hypoplasia of the corpus callosum without other craniocephalic malformations may be asymptomatic and usually does not adversely affect fetal growth and development after birth.
The corpus callosum develops embryologically from the connective and located near the anterior neural foramen and is supplied with blood by the anterior cerebral artery. Ischemia, hypoxia, infarction, and inflammation of the anterior cerebral artery at 12 weeks of embryonic life can lead to hypoplasia of the corpus callosum.
The clinical signs of this disease vary widely. Simple dysplasia of the corpus callosum can remain asymptomatic for life and is only detected accidentally on a CT scan.
When accompanied by other craniofacial malformations, it can present with clinical symptoms such as visual disturbances, cross-tactile localization disorders, convulsions, limb paralysis, spasticity, mental retardation, and seizures.
Therefore, if the fetal corpus callosum is found to be slightly slender, it should also be screened for other cranioencephalic malformations. If so, it is advisable to consult a medical professional and, if necessary, terminate the pregnancy.