Diabetes occurs mainly in middle-aged and elderly people, and the prevalence is as high as 4.3% over the age of 60. Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease caused by diabetes mellitus and is one of the most predominant microangiopathies in diabetic patients. The early manifestations are intra-glomerular hypertension, hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration, followed by glomerular capillary collaterals basement membrane thickening and increased thylakoid matrix, and finally glomerulosclerosis; the early clinical manifestations are elevated glomerular filtration rate, followed by microalbuminuria, and once significant proteinuria occurs, the disease will progress until the development of renal failure. The main pathological manifestations are widening of the glomerular thylakoid area and thickening of the glomerular capillary basement membrane. Foreign statistics show that diabetic nephropathy has risen to be the first cause of end-stage renal disease. The prognosis of chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy is significantly worse than that due to other renal diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is responsible for 41% of all end-stage renal disease in the elderly, and the proportion is higher in those aged 75 years or older. Currently, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is also on the rise in China.