Removal of one epididymis usually does not have much effect, while removal of both epididymis will affect fertility. The epididymis is located between the testes and the vas deferens. The epididymis has the function of temporary storage of semen and secretion of epididymal fluid to nourish sperms in order to promote further maturation of sperms, and a normal and stable microenvironment of the epididymis is an important condition for sperm maturation. If the function of epididymis is abnormal, it may cause infertility. When unilateral epididymis is removed, the other epididymis can still work normally and generally does not have much effect on fertility. If the epididymis is removed bilaterally, it may result in the sperm not being able to mature further, which in turn affects the fertility and leads to infertility, and testicular sperm retrieval may be considered for assisted reproduction. If patients have any abnormal and uncomfortable symptoms after the removal of epididymis, they should go to regular hospitals in time and be treated under the guidance of doctors.