Swelling of the perineum near the anus may be related to vaginitis, perianal abscess, vulvar hematoma and other causes, which need to be further differentiated and diagnosed by the doctor. 1. Vaginitis: under the stimulating effect of inflammation, it can lead to congestion and swelling of the perineum near the anus. 2. Perianal abscess: It may occur when the perianal skin is broken or inflamed, which may cause swelling of the perineum near the anus. 3. Vulvar hematoma: If the perineum is damaged by trauma or other causes, the vulvar tissues are damaged and the capillaries rupture, which may result in swelling of the perineum near the anus. Once the swelling of perineum near anus is detected, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time, to clarify the cause of the disease, and to carry out standardized treatment under the guidance of the doctor, so as to avoid delaying the condition.