1.What manifestations of the breast should be seen in the hospital? Patients who unintentionally find the following conditions should go to the hospital for early diagnosis and treatment. Breast lump Breast lump is the main symptom of breast tumor, but the common cause of breast lump is not breast cancer, but benign lesions, such as mastopexy, fibroadenoma, etc. More than 80% of lumps are found by patients themselves by chance, only a small number of them are found by doctors during physical examination. 2.Limited thickening of the breast body The early diagnosis of breast cancer has been gradually paid attention to. When a lump has been felt clinically, the diameter of the tumor is usually more than 1 cm, at this time it has experienced at least 2-3 years of growth and no longer belongs to the category of early cancer. If the lump is slightly thicker than the surrounding tissue when palpated, the boundaries are unclear, and it is difficult to measure its exact size, the clinical diagnosis is usually “hyperplasia”. In women who are not amenorrheic, this condition varies in size with the menstrual cycle and is mostly physiological in nature. However, if the hyperplasia exists for a long time and is not related to the menstrual cycle, or if it becomes thicker and more extensive, especially in postmenopausal women, it must be taken seriously, because about 80% of these lesions are cancerous. 3. Pain with tenderness in the breast Severe pain with tenderness in the breast is often an inflammatory manifestation of the breast, seen in acute mastitis and breast abscess. Local pain related to menstrual cycle is usually seen in simple and cystic hyperplasia of the breast. There is no pain in the early stage of breast cancer. 4. Nipple overflow During the non-lactation period of women, nipple overflow is mostly pathological, and this abnormal nipple secretion accounts for about 5-8% of various breast diseases. The most common cause is intraductal papilloma, which accounts for about half of the cases, followed by cystic hyperplasia and ductal dilatation of the breast, and about 15% of the cases are malignant lesions. It is generally believed that 60% of bloody overflows have the possibility of cancer, and those with plasma and milk-like are more likely to have benign lesions; those with lumps should be suspected to be malignant, and those without lumps with non-bloody overflows are benign; those over 50 years of age are more likely to have cancer, while benign lesions occur mostly under 40 years of age; drug-related nipple overflows are mostly bilateral, with clear, bright plasma or milk-like secretions, which can heal on their own after stopping the drug, and common drugs include The common drugs are estrogen, chlorpromazine and contraceptive pills, etc. Most breast diseases do not have any change in the skin of the breast, while acute mastitis often has skin redness and swelling, breast tuberculosis may have skin ulcers or fistulas, and breast cancer may have skin invagination to form “dimples”. Any defect or abnormality in this shape is very important and is often an early sign of breast cancer. Changes in the nipple The nipple may be invaginated when the breast is congenitally underdeveloped, mostly in women with no history of breastfeeding. Inverted nipples are also seen in breast cancer and are often unilateral. Nipple erosion can occur during breastfeeding, due to skin breakdown from infant sucking or irritation from other factors. If the skin around the nipple is repeatedly rash and itchy and does not heal after a long time, it should be considered as Paired’s disease, which is a special type of breast cancer. 8. Enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla and edema in the upper arm Enlarged lymph nodes can be seen in both inflammation of the breast and breast cancer, and edema in the upper arm is caused by extensive metastasis of lymph nodes in the axilla. 2.When is the best time to see a doctor for breast disease? The best time to see a doctor for breast disease is 4-10 days after menstruation, when the breast is loose and the lesions are easily detected. 3. Drugs prohibited or used with caution by breastfeeding women Babies suck about 500-700 ml of breast milk every day, therefore, lactating mothers need to know which drugs can easily enter breast milk and avoid as much as possible the toxic side effects of certain drugs affecting the healthy growth of babies through breast milk. First of all, lactating mothers should pay attention to the use of antibiotics and sulfonamides. Most antibiotics are not excreted in breast milk, but they can cause adverse reactions in infants to varying degrees. If a lactating mother takes a regular dose of tetracycline orally, the concentration in the breast milk is about 70% of the serum concentration, which can cause yellowing of the breast child’s teeth and affect bone development. The concentration of chloramphenicol in breast milk is about 50% of that in blood, which can affect the function of the hematopoietic system of the baby. When erythromycin is administered internally to lactating mothers, especially by intravenous drip, its concentration in breast milk is 4-5 times higher than that in blood, which can seriously damage the liver function of infants. When lactating mothers inject regular doses of kanamycin, it can lead to kanamycin poisoning in infants, tinnitus, hearing loss and proteinuria. Lactating mothers taking sulfonamides internally should also be aware of the occurrence of tinnitus, hearing loss and proteinuria. Lactating mothers taking sulfonamides internally should also be aware that neonatal jaundice can occur in the infant, especially in first-time mothers, when breastfeeding within two weeks after taking sulfisoxazole. For this reason, lactating mothers should suspend breastfeeding during the treatment of infectious diseases with the above-mentioned antibiotics and sulfonamides and use cow’s milk as a temporary substitute. Secondly, lactating mothers should avoid as much as possible the use of various central depressants, such as sodium phenytoin, phenobarbital, valium, tranquilizer, and Librium, etc. These drugs enter the breast milk and often cause drowsiness, weight loss, and even deficiency in infants and children. It should also be noted that newborns within 6 months are most sensitive to morphine-based analgesics, which can cause serious reactions such as respiratory depression in the breast, and should be prohibited for breastfeeding women. In addition, iodide or radioactive iodine agents, thiouracil, coumarin-based drugs, ergot preparations, as well as methylglyoxal, atropine, etc., can enter the breast milk to varying degrees, lactating mothers should be used with caution or prohibited. 4.Is it possible that the discomfort in the armpit or shoulder and back pain is also related to the breast? You may ask, what is the relationship between armpit or shoulder pain and breast? I don’t know, some benign and malignant breast diseases are often accompanied by axillary or back pain and discomfort, and some even no obvious discomfort in the breast, but only as axillary or back pain and discomfort. It is because they do not know this that many patients always think that their underarm or back pain and discomfort is caused by frozen shoulder or other problems, without thinking that it may be caused by breast disease, and in some cases, the examination and treatment is delayed because of this. So, why do breast lesions affect the armpits or back of the shoulder? When can breast lesions cause pain and discomfort in the armpits or back of the shoulders? As we mentioned earlier, the vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve distribution of the breast determine that breast lesions can sometimes affect the nearby back of the shoulder and the ipsilateral armpit. For example, in acute infectious diseases of the breast, the inflammation may reach the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels, resulting in swollen and painful lymph nodes; in hyperplastic diseases of the breast, the pain caused by the cyclic congestion and edema of the glands and interstitium may reach the ipsilateral chest and shoulder back through the nerve reflex, so it often manifests as breast swelling and pain radiating to the shoulder back; in malignant tumors of the breast, the initial metastasis is often The initial metastasis of malignant tumor of the breast is often through lymphatic metastasis to the ipsilateral axilla, and sometimes even when the primary tumor of the breast is so small that the lump of the breast cannot be palpated clinically, lymphatic metastasis has already occurred in the axilla, and the patient is found to have breast cancer when he or she visits the doctor with the complaint of lump in the axilla. Therefore, we remind our patients and specialists not to forget that there is still a possibility of breast disease in the case of non-breast symptoms as the main complaint. 5.What are the behaviors that are not good for breast health? Some practices are very detrimental to breast health, check if you have these behaviors: 1, aggressive starvation therapy or monotonous one-sided diet is extremely harmful. This will make the fat to prevent rapid reduction, and what remains is only loose skin. Girls in adolescent development will therefore miss the perfect timing of breast development, while mature women will therefore make the breast shrink relatively early. 2, too tight or inappropriate bra is not good for the breast. Too tight corset stifle breast blood circulation, will lead to breast disease, affecting breast development; ill-fitting bra is unable to support and shape the role of the breast, not to achieve a certain sense of beauty. 3, too much sunbathing is in principle harmful. Breast skin is more sensitive than facial skin, due to the patronage of ultraviolet light, the result will be discoloration at the neck and chest, between the breasts produce small wrinkles.