For patients who have received a long course of radiotherapy, surgery is generally recommended for 6-8 weeks. Because after radiotherapy, the surrounding tissues including tumor tissues are in edema phase, the surgical field is not clear at this time, which makes the surgery more difficult, and the risk of anastomotic fistula increases, and the tumor tissues are not completely regressed, while 6-8 weeks after surgery, the tumor tissues have been significantly regressed and radiotherapy has been significantly absorbed, so the risk and difficulty of surgery is extremely reduced, and the prognosis of patients will be very favorable. However, some patients may ask whether the disease will be aggravated if the surgery is performed 6-8 weeks after radiotherapy. At this time, patients are generally recommended to take another 2 weeks of rest after radiation therapy and do 1 interval chemotherapy. After the interval chemotherapy, patients are recommended to go to the surgeon for radical surgery at 6-8 weeks after the end of radiation therapy. If a short course of radiotherapy is performed before surgery, radiotherapy is given for a total of 5 times, and surgery is performed 1 week later. Of course, patients need to undergo a comprehensive evaluation before surgery, including pre-surgical blood tests, cardiopulmonary function measurement, abdominopelvic enhancement CT or MRI, colonoscopy, nutritional status, and other assessments. If the test results suggest tumor shrinkage and all test results are satisfactory and meet the requirements of surgery, the patient can be operated.