Bone marrow transplantation is currently a relatively important treatment for certain hematologic disorders, but survival rates after bone marrow transplantation vary from disease to disease. For patients with acute myeloid leukemia, the 5-year survival rate after a bone marrow transplant can reach 50-60%. For acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the 5-year survival rate after bone marrow transplantation can reach about 50%. For patients with aplastic anemia, if the patient is less than 40 years old, has heavy or very heavy reblast, and has a suitable HLA compatible sibling donor, more than 80% of patients can survive long term after bone marrow transplantation. Although some patients can survive for a long time after bone marrow transplantation, some patients will relapse after transplantation, mostly within 3 years after transplantation, and after relapse, treatment is more difficult and prognosis is poor.