The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is arguably one of the most commonly used scales for cognitive examinations, and its scales are easily accessible, but there are large deviations in its use by different individuals. The MMSE is widely used, but there are irregularities in the methods used and in different Chinese translations. (1) Orientation: A day difference between the date and day of the week can be counted as normal. (2) Immediate memory: Also known as initial or primary memory, the patient is asked to remember 3 objects of different nature. They should be given consecutively and should be clear, slow and one per second. The result of the first memory session determines the immediate memory score [3 points] and prepares the patient for the subsequent “recall” examination. If the learning is repeated up to 6 times, the recall check in (4) will be meaningless. (3) Attention and calculation [5 points]: There are two methods: (1) Ask the patient to subtract 7 from 100 continuously, and deduct one point for each error. Or ② ask the patient to recite the phrase “Snowy Year” backwards, if the backwards recitation is wrong as “Snowy Year”, then 3 points will be deducted, and so on. (4) Language [9 points]: ① Naming [2 points]: Show the patient a table and a ball-point pen, one point each for correct naming. (2) Language repetition: To check the ability of language repetition, the patient was asked to repeat a moderately difficult idiom, such as “don’t talk in a roundabout way” or “good reading does not require a good understanding”. Folstein’s original phrase “no, ifs ands or buts” is an idiom that means “don’t beat around the bush when speaking”. “It is not a tongue twister, but it means “don’t always speak with false words like ifs, ands or buts, but not with straightforward t’s”. (3) Level 3 command: Prepare a piece of white paper and ask the patient to pick it up with the right hand, fold it up and put it on the floor. Score one point for each of the three actions. ④Reading comprehension: Prepare a piece of white paper and write “Please close your eyes” in big bold letters, ask the patient to read it aloud, and then ask the patient to do the command as written on the paper. The patient is given one point for closing both eyes. ⑤ Writing: Give the patient paper and a pen, and ask the patient to write a sentence on the paper voluntarily and at random. The examiner cannot replace the patient’s spontaneous writing with a dictated sentence. However, the patient can be given a larger writing range to save time in searching and screening, e.g., “Please write a sentence about the weather or literature”. The sentence should have a subject and a predicate, and must be meaningful and understandable. Grammar and punctuation are not strongly required. (6) Copying: Patients are required to copy two pentagons that overlap, and each side of the pentagon should be about one inch [2.5cm] long. The two figures must be crossed, there must be 10 angles, and the crossed figure needs to be a quadrilateral. However, the corners are not sharp and the sides are not straight can be ignored. The disadvantages of the MMSE should not be ignored: (1) the content of the items is easily influenced by the education level of the subjects, and there is a risk of false negatives for the elderly with high education level, i.e., the mild cognitive impairment is ignored (e.g., Strain reported that the sensitivity of the MMSE in identifying mild cognitive dissonance is only 0.52), and there is a risk of false positives for those with low education and dialects; (2) the scores of attention (mental arithmetic), memory (7) It cannot be used for the differential diagnosis of dementia and is not sensitive enough as a follow-up tool for cognitive impairment (e.g., Clark’s MMSE scores did not decrease significantly in 16% of 82 patients with AD at 4 years of follow-up). Therefore, in-depth studies of cognitive impairment often use a combination of more specific tests.