Pulmonary expansion insufficiency needs to be treated, otherwise it can easily lead to respiratory dysfunction and pneumonia. Lung expansion insufficiency can occur at any age, mostly after chest surgery or pneumonia, and in a few cases, it is caused by congenital lung hypoplasia in infants and young children, or coughing weakness and sputum obstruction in the elderly. Lung insufficiency that occurs after chest surgery or pneumonia is relatively easy to recover from. It requires appropriate sputum treatment, respiratory exercise, and more coughing on the basis of good analgesia, and in a few cases it may need to be examined and treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy, but basically the recovery is still relatively easy. In infants and young children, lung expansion insufficiency caused by lung dysplasia is often easily combined with persistent pneumonia, which is more difficult to treat, and it is recommended to go to a tertiary hospital for further treatment.