Early symptoms of rectal cancer: 1. Most of the early rectal cancers have no symptoms. 2. When rectal cancer grows to a certain extent, there are changes in bowel habit, bloody stool, pus-blood stool, urgency, constipation, diarrhea, etc. 3.The stool will gradually become thinner, and in the advanced stage, there will be obstruction of defecation, emaciation and even cachexia. 4. When the tumor invades the bladder, urethra, vagina and other surrounding organs, symptoms of urinary tract irritation, vaginal discharge of fecal fluid, pain in the sacral and perineal areas, and swelling of lower limbs appear; Effective diagnosis of rectal cancer 1. About 80% of rectal cancer patients can be detected through rectal finger examination when they visit the clinic. Hard and uneven masses can be palpated; in advanced stage, narrowing of intestinal lumen and fixed masses can be palpated. The finger sleeve can see the dirty pus and blood containing feces. 2.Proctoscopy After rectal finger examination, proctoscopy should be performed to assist in diagnosis under direct vision to observe the morphology, upper and lower edges and distance from the anal edge of the mass, and to take tissue of the mass for pathological section to determine the nature of the mass and its differentiation degree. If the cancer is located in the middle or upper rectum and cannot be touched by fingers, sigmoidoscopy is a better method. 3.Barium enema and fiber colonoscopy do not help much in the diagnosis of rectal cancer, so they are not included in the routine examination, and are only used to exclude multiple tumors of the colon and rectum. 4.Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help to understand the location of tumor and its relationship with the surrounding structures, which can help to make the preoperative clinically accurate staging and formulate reasonable comprehensive treatment strategy, such as: surgery or radiotherapy first? 5.CT of abdominopelvic cavity can understand the location of tumor, its relationship with adjacent structures, and whether there are metastases around the rectum and other parts of abdominopelvic cavity. It is important for the staging of rectal cancer. 6.CT of chest or chest X-ray examination can understand whether there is metastasis in lung, pleura, mediastinal lymph nodes, etc. Treatment of rectal cancer Surgery: Surgery is the first choice for resectable rectal cancer, including open radical rectal cancer surgery and laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery; at present, laparoscopic surgery is further accepted by everyone with the characteristics of small trauma, fast recovery and good effect.