Surgery is the first choice for treatment of stage IA1 cervical cancer, and different surgical methods are selected according to whether there is a need for reproduction and the pathologic results of cervical conization. 1. Fertility demand: if the cervical conization specimen has no vascular infiltration and the margins of at least 3mm are negative, uterine conization can be performed alone; if there is intraparenchymal infiltration, radical cervical resection and pelvic lymph node dissection should be preferred, followed by cervical conization + pelvic lymph node dissection; however, preservation of fertility is not supported for patients with small cell neuroendocrine tumors of the uterine cervix, gastric adenocarcinomas, and malignant adenomas. 2. No need for fertility: if there is no intravascular infiltration, cervical conization is feasible, and negative cervical conization margin is confirmed. Those who are inoperable can be observed, and those who are operable can undergo extrafascial hysterectomy; if there is lymphovascular infiltration, modified radical hysterectomy + pelvic lymph node dissection can be chosen. In addition, for patients who cannot tolerate surgery or refuse surgery, brachytherapy with or without external irradiation is feasible. Specific treatments should be chosen by specialized doctors according to the patient’s specific situation.