The pathogenesis of congenital heart disease is complex and is still inconclusive. However, the general view is that it is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, of which the genetic correlation is about 55%. According to relevant data genetics alone accounts for 8%, environment alone accounts for 2%, and genetic and environmental interactions account for 90%. Known risk factors include: viral infection in early pregnancy, altitude, nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy, lesions of the amniotic membrane, fetal compression, early gestational pre-eclampsia, diabetes, hypercalcemia, the use of radiation and cytotoxic drugs in early pregnancy, and excessive maternal age. As for the genetic aspect, congenital heart disease has a tendency to develop in families to some extent, but according to the current theory of genetics congenital heart disease is formed by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. It can be said that having a parent with congenital heart disease does not directly cause the disease in children. Generally speaking, if one relative has congenital heart disease, the chance of the others having the disease increases by three times (3%), and if two members have the disease, the chance increases to 9%. If three members have the disease, the likelihood of the other members having congenital heart disease increases to 50%.