The diagnostic criteria of IgA nephropathy mainly rely on renal biopsy. IgA nephropathy is often characterized by asymptomatic hematuria with or without proteinuria, and is more common in young adults between the ages of 20 and 30. IgA nephropathy can only be diagnosed by renal biopsy. Focal segmental hyperplasia or diffuse thylakoid proliferative glomerulonephritis is common on light microscopy, and immunofluorescence reveals IgA in the thylakoid area or IgA-based immunoglobulin deposits. The MEST-C score is determined according to the Oxford classification, which includes glomerular thylakoid hyperplasia, intracapillary hyperplasia, segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, and crescentic glomeruli, for staging, and the patient is risk-stratified according to their clinical and pathological staging, so that medication can be given. IgA nephropathy is more common, it is recommended that when patients find this disease, they should consult regular hospitals in time, have renal puncture biopsy to clarify the pathologic typing, take medication under the guidance of doctors, and undergo regular checkups.