Hemorrhoids and humans Hemorrhoids can be regarded as the price paid by humans for choosing an upright position in the evolutionary process: because of the lack of venous valves in the veins of the rectum, people walking or sitting upright, so that the rectum and anus are in a low position and affect the return of blood. People walking, standing or sitting, if the rectal anal cushion blood flow is affected by the temporary congestion and swelling, over time permanent congestion and swelling. According to modern medical concepts, hemorrhoids should be regarded as part of the normal structure of the human body, because “hemorrhoidal disease” is actually evolved from a structure called “anal cushion”. When for some reason the anal cushion loosens, enlarges, bleeds or prolapses to form a pathological anal cushion – hemorrhoids are created. What are the anal pads? The anal pads are normal structures in the human anus, filled with clusters of veins and blood vessels, which ensure the tightness of the anus. The anal cushion ensures the tightness of the anus, just like the elastic cushion that helps the anus to close tightly, while the anal sphincter opens and closes to control defecation. It is also because of the control of the anal cushion that people can “controlled” exhaust, avoiding the embarrassment of having to fart. Scientifically explain how hemorrhoids are formed Because of constipation, defecation force exclusion or sedentary reasons, leading to obstruction of venous return in the rectum, so that the anal cushion congestive hypertrophy and repeatedly to the distal side (anus) displacement, which the fibrous intervals gradually relax until the rupture and with venous plexus bruising, dilatation, fusion (hemorrhoids become large process), and even mixed with small movable and venous fistulae, and finally form the “hemorrhoidal disease”. (See below) How to prevent and treat? Treatment should follow three principles: 1, asymptomatic hemorrhoids do not need treatment; 2, symptomatic hemorrhoids focus on reducing or eliminating symptoms, rather than eradicating them; 3, conservative treatment. Simple internal hemorrhoids painless only swelling feeling, can bleed, the development of prolapse, internal hemorrhoids feel no pain, many people are bleeding or hemorrhoidal nucleus from the anus before they noticed that they suffer from internal hemorrhoids. In the early stage of hemorrhoids and asymptomatic resting period of hemorrhoids, only need to increase the fibrous food, change the bad bowel habits, keep the bowel clear, to prevent and control constipation and diarrhea can be. Keeping the bowels open and exercising more are two universal principles. For prolapsed hemorrhoids, pay attention to the hand gently back to the hemorrhoid block, to stop re-projecting. Avoid sitting and standing for a long time, carry out appropriate exercise, warm water (can contain potassium permanganate) bath before going to bed and so on. Potassium permanganate hot water sitz bath can improve local blood circulation, but also sterilization and anti-inflammatory effect; anal canal injection of oil or suppository, lubrication and astringent effect, can reduce the local discomfort symptoms; symptoms can be used in serious oral medication. Individuals with severe hemorrhoids can be treated with surgery after evaluation by a physician. The following is a method of hemorrhoid surgery — PPH surgery PPH surgery (anastomotic hemorrhoidal rectal mucosal ring cutting and stapling) is based on the “anal cushion theory”, which is developed through the ring excision and anastomosis of two centimeters of mucosa and submucosal tissues in the lower part of the rectum, so that the prolapsed anal cushion is suspended upwards, so that it is restored to its normal anatomical position. The anal cushion is restored to its normal anatomical position, i.e. anal cushion repositioning. At the same time, the arterial branches supplying hemorrhoids are cut off, so that the blood flow of hemorrhoids is reduced, and the hemorrhoid nuclei gradually shrink after the operation, eliminating the bleeding symptoms. PPH surgery has obvious advantages over traditional hemorrhoidectomy: short operation time, mild postoperative pain, faster recovery, but the price of the instrument is more expensive, mainly for prolapsed III-IV degree mixed hemorrhoids, ring hemorrhoids, as well as part of the bleeding serious II degree internal hemorrhoids. Prevention mainly starts from the change of life habits, including increasing physical exercise, preventing constipation, avoiding laborious defecation, avoiding sedentary and standing for a long time, paying attention to health care during pregnancy and childbirth, doing anal lifting exercise frequently, and regular treatment.