Cerebral leukomalacia is not Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that can have mild cortical atrophy, deepening of the cerebral sulcus, and narrowing of the cerebral gyrus on imaging, without significant cerebral white matter lesions. Most cerebral white matter osteoporosis is due to age, neurological degeneration, or chronic ischemic or hypoxic disease, and can manifest on magnetic resonance imaging as abnormal signals in the white matter regions of the brain, and patients may have some degree of dementia, cognitive impairment, and manifest memory loss. It is two different diseases from Alzheimer’s disease, but both have memory impairment and cognitive decline as the main manifestations, so they need to be differentiated. The difference is that cerebral leukodystrophy is a treatable, reversible cognitive impairment, and drugs such as cytarabine, olanzapine capsules, and edebenone can help improve symptoms.