Conservative treatment methods include bed rest, medication, lumbar traction, lumbar collar braking protection, massage, acupuncture and physiotherapy. At present, various conservative treatment methods are often used clinically, mainly including bed rest, lumbar collar brake protection, oral or topical anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving, blood circulation and blood stasis activating Chinese and Western medicines, lumbar back muscle exercises, local heat physiotherapy and other measures. Bed rest and lumbar traction can make the lumbar muscles get sufficient rest, release muscle spasm, increase the vertebral space, and reduce the compression and stimulation of lumbar nerve roots by herniated discs or bone spurs; lumbar circumference and lumbar support can restrict the excessive activities of lumbar vertebrae and make the lumbar muscles get sufficient rest; drugs can effectively relieve the corresponding symptoms according to their different pharmacological effects; gentle massage and physiotherapy can accelerate the inflammatory edema subsides, relaxes the muscles and improves local blood circulation. All of these methods can relieve the patient’s back and leg pain to a certain extent. Rest in a rigid bed is the most essential element to ensure the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment, and it is best for the patient to rest in bed for a period of time. For recalcitrant cases, patients with lumbar disc herniation for which conservative treatment is ineffective should be treated with surgery as early as possible. Which patients with herniated discs are suitable for surgical treatment? The following cases are generally considered suitable for surgery: ① Those who have ineffective non-surgical treatment or recurrence and whose symptoms are severe and affect their work and life. ②Patients with obvious and widespread symptoms of nerve damage (pain, paralysis and sensorimotor disorders in the lower extremities), or even continued deterioration, with suspected complete rupture of the disc annulus fibrosus and protrusion of nucleus pulposus fragments into the spinal canal. (③) Central type lumbar disc herniation with large and small bowel dysfunction. (iv) Those who have combined obvious lumbar spinal canal and/or nerve root canal stenosis.