Recently, the 5th Summit Forum on “Customized Children’s Drugs and Child Drug Safety” was held in Beijing by the World Health Organization’s Center for Child Health Cooperation, the Pediatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the Child Health Branch of the Chinese Society of Preventive Medicine, and the Pediatricians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and other authoritative medical organizations. During the conference, many experts proposed and analyzed the problems that need to be solved in China’s children’s medication, while experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) also emphasized that the prevention of vitamin A deficiency in infants and children should attract attention at home and abroad. According to the WHO survey, the top three causes of death among children under 5 years old in China are premature birth, low birth weight, pneumonia, diarrhea, and birth asphyxia. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for the growth of infants and young children, as it can prevent pneumonia and diarrhea, as well as promote the healthy development of the visual system, skeletal system, immune system and brain. Vitamin A affects many health indices of infants and young children Experts say that vitamin A affects all aspects of infant and young children’s health, including the visual system, the immune system, the skeletal system and its role in promoting cold resistance and brain fitness. The most important substance that makes up and maintains the health of the dark visual system is retinal, and retinaldehyde, formed by the esterification of vitamin A, is an indispensable raw material that makes up retinal. If the body is deficient in vitamin A, the amount of synthesized retinal will decrease and the ability to adapt to the dark environment will be reduced, which may even lead to night blindness. Moreover, modern infants and children are exposed to more television, cell phones and tablet computers, so vitamin A is especially important to ensure the healthy development of the visual system. At the same time, vitamin A can enhance the mucosal defense function of the respiratory tract, digestive tract and other tissues and organs, as well as promote the production of antibodies and improve the function of immune cells, so vitamin A is also known as the “anti-infection vitamin”. According to the data, insufficient intake of vitamin A can be manifested in the early stage of skin, oral cavity, throat, respiratory tract, digestive tract, genitourinary tract mucous membrane atrophy, dryness, cilia loss, so that its ability to resist infection is reduced, children have repeated respiratory infections, easy diarrhea, dry skin, and even urinary tract infections. In addition, vitamin A is also significant to promote the growth of infants and young children’s bones, when infants and young children lack of vitamin A, bone tissue will be degenerative, and can cause damage to the epithelium of the renal tubules, affecting the reabsorption of calcium, so that the amount of bone decreased, osteoporosis, bone density decreased. Vitamin A deficiency can also cause osteogenesis disorders in the epiphysis, delaying the child’s growth and slowing and poorly developing teeth. Some studies show that vitamin A can improve the immunity of the human body, enhance the body’s ability to withstand cold, but also has a good protective effect on blood vessels and respiratory mucosa, can significantly reduce the number of respiratory infections, shorten the course of the disease, reduce the symptoms of the onset. In addition, vitamin A can also promote brain development, if the long-term intake of insufficient can lead to baby mental retardation. The importance of vitamin A in China needs to be enhanced Although vitamin A is vital to the growth of infants and young children, the importance of vitamin A in China is not sufficient. The World Health Organization has included vitamin A in the WHO Standard List of Essential Medicines for Children (2nd edition, March 2009), because vitamin A deficiency is one of the most important nutritional influences on the occurrence of serious infections and deaths in children in developing countries, and is included in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals as one of the priority diseases to be eliminated. However, relevant surveys show that the situation of vitamin A deficiency in China is not optimistic. Li Tingyu, a renowned expert in pediatric nutrition, mentioned in the latest issue of the authoritative core journal of pediatrics, the Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatric Clinics, that the vitamin A deficiency rate in preschool children in China is as high as 50% or more! At the same time, recent large-scale nationwide clinicopathological surveys are also lacking, indicating that clinicians also do not pay enough attention to vitamin A. This is also a major reason for the status of vitamin A deficiency in China. At the same time, due to the noisy public opinion on the Internet, many wrong views and voices are also disturbing the public’s hearing, not only some parents with old-fashioned ideas think that “you can’t supplement at a young age”, but even on the Internet there are “vitamin A oversupply will be poisoned” and other alarming views. The public is not only thinking that some old-fashioned parents think that “you can’t take supplements at a young age”, but even on the Internet, there are also such alarmist views as “excessive vitamin A supplementation can be toxic”. These statements have scared parents who were taking vitamin A supplements (e.g., Icozin vitamin AD drops) as prescribed by their doctors and have stopped building a healthy barrier for their children. In this summit forum on “tailor-made children’s medicine and children’s drug safety”, domestic and foreign authoritative medical and academic institutions have repeatedly emphasized the current situation and the importance of vitamin A deficiency in China, and as a developing country, medical workers and many parents in China should also deepen their understanding of vitamin A to promote the overall improvement of domestic As a developing country, medical practitioners and parents in China should also deepen their understanding of vitamin A to promote the health of infants and children in China.