The renal column belongs to the cortical portion of the kidney and not to the renal medulla. The renal column refers to the portion of the renal cortex embedded between the renal cones. The renal column contains interlobar arteries and veins in addition to renal vesicles and renal convoluted tubules. Branches of the renal arteries run through the renal column and are called interlobar arteries. The internal structure of the kidney can be divided into two parts: the renal parenchyma and the renal pelvis. The renal parenchyma is divided into two layers, the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The cortex is mainly the blood flow through the part, the urine filtration output, while the medulla receives the urine produced by the cortex for collection, of which the part between the cortex adjacent to the renal cone is called the renal column. Hypertrophy of the renal column occurs clinically. Hypertrophy of the renal column usually has no effect on the patient, but it should be distinguished from renal cysts, renal tumors and renal congenital developmental anomalies and other occupational diseases. Renal cysts usually have no anechoic sound under ultrasound, renal column hypertrophy shows low echo, and renal tumors show uneven medium-low echo. If it is difficult to diagnose by ultrasound, it needs to be further diagnosed clearly by renal CT and renal MRI. When patients have kidney diseases, it is recommended to go to the nephrology department of regular hospitals in a timely manner, and under the guidance of professional doctors, choose targeted treatment according to the actual situation.