Cognitive impairment in children is most often associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and amnesia in infancy, and is manifested by impairment in one or more of the functions of memory, language, visuospatial, executive, computational and comprehension judgements. Cognitive impairment not only leads to delayed psychomotor development, poor academic performance and poor concentration in children, but in severe cases it can affect the patient’s daily life and social skills, and prompt medical attention is recommended.