Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common diseases of the spine, with a high incidence and a large impact on the quality of life and work of patients. Many patients with lumbar herniation carry a heavy psychological burden because of this disease, causing great disruption in their careers and in their lives. The lumbar intervertebral disc tissue is a tissue that lacks blood flow and has a poor ability to repair itself, and the disc itself gradually degenerates as it ages. Therefore, the lumbar intervertebral disc can be called the “vulnerable parts” of the human body, and the poor ability to repair itself is the pathological basis of lumbar disc herniation that does not heal. There are many clinical treatments for lumbar disc herniation, and different doctors may give very different treatments and recommendations, which is often difficult for patients to follow. In fact, lumbar disc herniation, like other diseases, should be treated in a stepwise manner, with conservative treatment preferred, followed by minimally invasive disc removal surgery, and finally open spinal fusion surgery. In general, spinal fusion surgery should be carefully considered for young people and simple lumbar disc herniation because the spine has support, protection and motion functions, and spinal fusion is a sacrifice of motion functions to obtain spinal stability. In conclusion, if a lumbar disc herniation requires surgical treatment, ways should be found to solve the problem without sacrificing the motor function of the spine and to keep it as “original” as possible. Minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation broadly includes interventional procedures such as ozone, fusion enzymes, and lasers, which are less invasive but have one major drawback: they are percutaneous, so the internal details cannot be seen, and the efficacy is often less certain, with a general excellent rate of 40-80%, and are only suitable for milder cases. Percutaneous spinal endoscopic lumbar disc removal (foraminotomy) is based on the percutaneous puncture technique to establish access; the details of the operation inside the surgical site are seen through the endoscope to obtain satisfactory decompression around the nerve root, and the efficacy is more certain. Percutaneous spinal endoscopic surgery is a hybridization of percutaneous and endoscopic techniques and can be considered an upgraded version of interventional surgery; the integration of the two techniques greatly improves the efficacy of the procedure. Commonly used minimally invasive procedures for lumbar disc herniation include percutaneous spinal endoscopic discectomy (PELD), microendoscopic discectomy, and channel-assisted microdiscectomy. Currently, PELD surgery should be the preferred minimally invasive procedure for patients, except in cases where there is already significant lumbar instability, or with significant lumbar spinal stenosis, which is not suitable for simple disc removal. (Some giant disc herniation or disc herniation with significant calcification, PELD surgery will be relatively difficult, the doctor will choose the appropriate surgery according to the specific circumstances) PELD advantages: 1, minimally invasive: local anesthesia can be completed surgery, skin incision 0.8cm, no need to place a tracheal intubation, urinary catheter. 2, safety: patients are local anesthesia, you can communicate with the doctor, timely feedback, coupled with a spinal endoscopic miniature camera system for the entire tracking, the intervertebral disc, dura and nerve roots clearly visible, greatly avoiding the risk of nerve damage. 3, fast recovery: immediately after surgery can be verified whether the lower extremity pain relief, the end of surgery, the patient can go to the ground, local anesthesia surgery, the same day you can eat, the next day on the discharge. 4, cost effective: the overall cost of PELD surgery in about 20,000 (each hospital specifics vary), because the need to use special supplies such as radiofrequency ablation, and open lumbar disc removal fusion, depending on the choice of internal fixation materials (domestic or imported), the overall cost of 40-60,000. In terms of financial burden, open simple lumbar disc removal is the least expensive, PELD is in the middle, and open lumbar disc removal fusion is the most expensive. Open lumbar discectomy and fusion should be considered as an ultimate surgery, although it is very reliable from the point of view of symptom relief and low recurrence rate, but it is at the expense of spinal motion function, and adjacent segments above and below the fixed segment also face the risk of accelerated degeneration; conservative treatment of lumbar disc herniation part of the patients may have recurrent symptoms and poor quality of life. peld The emergence and popularity of this minimally invasive spine surgery is undoubtedly a boon to patients with lumbar herniation, at a relatively small cost, allowing patients to obtain a good quality of life and regain confidence in life.