Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia caused by a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12, which leads to an impairment of DNA synthesis in blood cells and an imbalance in the development of the nucleus and cytoplasm, resulting in a decrease in the number of peripheral blood cells. This disease is mainly due to folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency or absorption disorders caused by blood cell DNA synthesis disorders, cell nucleus development stagnation, while the cytoplasm continues to develop and mature, cell nuclear and plasmic development imbalance, the formation of the volume of larger than normal cells megaloblasts in the bone marrow was destroyed, causing ineffective hematopoiesis, so that the peripheral blood in the reduction of blood cells, resulting in anemia. Megaloblastic anemia is mainly a nutritional deficiency disease, but it may also be a hereditary or metabolic disorder. It mainly manifests multi-system symptoms such as anemia-related symptoms (e.g., fatigue, dizziness, etc.), digestive symptoms (e.g., lack of appetite, diarrhea, bloating, etc.), and neurological symptoms (e.g., numbness of the hands and feet, loss of visual acuity, etc.). If the above symptoms occur and worsen, timely medical treatment should be sought and standardized, and most of them have a good prognosis.