IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger’s disease, is a specific type of glomerulonephritis that occurs in children and young adults, often preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, and is characterized by glomerular thylakoid hyperplasia, with IgA deposits in the thylakoid region visible by immunofluorescence. The following is a list of diseases that can be easily confused with it. 1, glomerular volume increase Glomerular volume increase refers to the characteristic physiopathological morphological changes in the glomerulus due to lipoprotein glomerulopathy caused by an increase in the size of the glomerulus. Lipoprotein glomerulopathy is a renal disease characterized pathologically by the presence of lipoprotein emboli in the lumen of the glomerular capillary loops and the absence of extrarenal manifestations of lipoprotein emboli. 2, glomerular basement membrane moth-eaten phenomenon Glomerular basement membrane moth-eaten phenomenon is one of the diagnostic bases of nail-patellar syndrome. The glomerular basement membrane moth-eaten phenomenon cannot be used only for the determination of renal biopsy specimens, but must be identified with phosphotungstic acid staining of the original fibers because of its higher sensitivity, which is more valuable for the diagnosis. 3, glomerular paraglomerular hyperplasia Glomerular paraglomerular hyperplasia syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, first reported by Bartter (1962) and therefore called Bartter syndrome. The syndrome is characterized by severe hypokalemia and alkalosis with low sodium and chloride, normal blood pressure with polyuria, constipation, and dehydration. Plasma renin-angiotensin and aldosterone are elevated. The clinical features are severe hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis, accompanied by hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism, glomerular hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and tubular sodium retention and concentration dysfunction, but no hypertension and edema and no response to exogenous angiotensin II. Glomerulosclerosis is a type of glomerular capillary collaterals with focal segmental sclerosis or hyaline degeneration without obvious cell proliferation. It can be used as thylakoid hyperplasia, thylakoid IgM deposition and focal glomerulosclerosis, but microscopic lesion nephropathy is resistant to steroids, the consequences of recurrent chronic progression. There are also early renal biopsies of primary nephrotic syndrome that are ineffective to hormones that are focal glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, it is debated whether this disease is a separate glomerular disease. However, it represents a different type of clinicopathology from other renal diseases and can also be treated as an independent disease, which is more common and has a tendency to increase gradually.