Low back pain is a common disease in China, few adults have not suffered from low back pain, part of the people due to severe low back pain or accompanied by radiating pain in the lower limbs to the hospital, after a series of tests found that the lumbar disc herniation is huge need for surgery, then faced with the problem of choosing a surgical method: open surgery? Discoscopic surgery? Intervertebral foramenoscopy? What is the difference between them? To figure out the difference between them, you need to know how each surgery is done. Open Surgery Open Surgery involves making a 3-5cm skin incision at the corresponding surgical site on the back, then cutting deeply into the back muscles to reveal the vertebral plate, then using specialized instruments to bite a small window into the plate to open the nerves and reveal the herniated discs underneath, and then resecting the discs, and then sewing up the tissues one by one to end the surgery. The entire procedure is performed under continuous epidural (half anesthesia) or general anesthesia. Intervertebral discoscopy surgery Intervertebral discoscopy surgery is actually a scaled-down version of open surgery. Discoscopic Surgery There are two approaches to discoscopic surgery, one from the side of the back, and one, like discoscopic surgery, from the back of the back. Regardless of the approach, a puncture is used to enter the disc directly, and a working tube is created after expanding it step by step, and the herniated disc tissue is removed through this 0.6cm diameter working tube. My understanding of the above three surgical methods is as follows: 1. Open surgery can basically be replaced by discoscopic surgery. This is because both have the same principle and the latter is less invasive. 2. If intervertebral foramenoscopic surgery is an option, then discoscopic surgery is not an option. Because the damage of intervertebral foramenoscopy surgery is far less than discoscopy surgery, many patients’ pain disappears immediately after the operation and they can walk on the ground immediately, which means that there is very little interference to the human body, and the other two surgeries can’t achieve such an effect. 3. Not every patient with herniated disc can undergo intervertebral discoscopic surgery. Some patients who have herniated for a long time and have significant narrowing of the intervertebral space and intervertebral foramina are not suitable. The specific situation needs to be judged by the doctor. 4, open surgery and discoscopic surgery can also remove part of the disc that has not yet herniated, which reduces the probability of disc reherniation. The best choice Intervertebral discoscopy technology, also known as percutaneous intervertebral discoscopy-assisted lumbar discectomy, is developed on the basis of percutaneous disc autotomy and suction. It is the most minimally invasive, safe and economical technology, and its technical advantages are as follows: (1) Minimally invasive Reaching the target area through the lateral approach, avoiding the interference of traditional posterior surgery on the spinal canal and nerves, without biting off the vertebral plate and destroying the paravertebral muscles and ligaments, and having no effect on the stability of the spine. (2)Direct Direct resection of the protruding disc and clear surgical decompression. (3)Wide indications It can deal with most of the herniated intervertebral discs, some of the spinal canal stenosis, intervertebral foraminal stenosis and other lesions. Using special radiofrequency electrodes under the speculum, it is feasible to mold the annulus fibrosus and block the annular nerve branch to treat discogenic pain. (4)Low complication Small trauma, low chance of thrombus formation and infection; no scarring in the important structures in the back after the operation, causing adhesion of the spinal canal and nerves. (5) High safety Local anesthesia, intraoperative interaction with the patient, without injuring the nerves and blood vessels; basically no bleeding, clear surgical field of vision, greatly reducing the risk of misuse. (6)Fast recovery You can go down to the ground on the next day after surgery, and resume normal work and physical exercise in 3-6 weeks on average. (7)High patient satisfaction Immediate pain relief, self-care of urine and feces, simple care, oral antibiotics can be, skin incision is only 7mm, in line with the aesthetic point of view. (8)Wide range of expansion Combined with percutaneous fixation technology, fusion and fixation of spinal slippage and instability can be accomplished in a minimally invasive manner; this basic platform is easy to expand to cervical disc endoscopic surgery.