Hypertriglyceridemia is a pathological condition in which the serum triglyceride level is increased above 1.70 mmol/L. Elevated triglycerides can be categorized into physiological and pathological elevations. Physiologic elevation is most commonly seen in the consumption of triglyceride-rich foods, such as animal fat oils, animal offal, etc. Pathologic elevation may be associated with heredity, disease, or other factors. Pathological elevation may be related to heredity, disease, lifestyle and drug factors, heredity with autosomal dominant inheritance is more common, family members can be more than three consecutive generations of patients with morbidity; diabetes mellitus, renal disease, and patients with hyperthyroidism can be caused by elevated levels of triglycerides; some bad lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and a high glucose and high-fat diet can cause elevated levels of triglycerides; taking glucocorticosteroids can also cause elevated levels of triglycerides. Taking glucocorticosteroids and beta-blockers can also cause elevated triglyceride levels. The majority of patients with hypertriglyceridemia are asymptomatic, while a small number of severe patients may develop cutaneous xanthomas. Elevated serum triglyceride levels are associated with atherosclerosis and pancreatitis. Elevated triglyceride levels can be treated with medications and lifestyle interventions. It is recommended that patients seek prompt medical attention to determine the cause of the disease and to be treated under the guidance of a professional doctor.