Thalassemia gene carriers are those who carry abnormal genes that can cause impairment of the synthesis of peptide chains of pearl proteins but do not yet have clinical symptoms, which can be classified into α thalassemia abnormal genes and β thalassemia abnormal genes. 1. There are 4 α genes on the human pair of chromosome 16, and each chromosome 16 has two α genes arranged in a row. If one of the genes is missing, it can still generate part of the α chain, which is known as α+; if both genes are missing, it can’t generate the α chain at all, which is known as α0. 2. There are two β genes on the human pair of chromosome 11, each with only one, and the variant β gene that can still synthesize part of the β chain is called β+; some β+ genes can produce higher HbF, so they are also called β+ (high F); and the variant gene that is completely unable to generate β chain is called β0. Thalassemia gene carriers are people who carry the above genes but do not yet have clinical symptoms. It is recommended that this group of people should go to the hospital for regular checkups, and if there is any abnormality, they should receive regular treatment under the guidance of a physician in a timely manner.