Insulin resistance is a disorder of insulin action in the body, more specifically an alteration of insulin receptor cells. Insulin receptors are present in the body in adipose tissue, liver and muscle. Insulin is involved in blood glucose regulation. When we consume sugar and carbohydrates, insulin is activated. In the body, blood glucose levels are generally kept within a certain range. Insulin is required when the central nervous system releases signals that control energy metabolism and homeostasis to maintain reproduction, brain activity, and other functions to perform. Insulin resistance occurs when insulin receptor cells are unresponsive to insulin. In the liver insulin resistance increases the output of glucose and impairs the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis). This means that the liver continues to produce glucose even when blood glucose levels are already high, which leads to more insulin production and increased insulin resistance. Muscles normally take up glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen, which can be broken down into lactic acid when the body needs it and circulated to the liver for conversion to hepatic glycogen or synthesis of glucose. When insulin resistance exists in muscle cells, it prevents muscle cells from taking up glucose. This becomes especially important for postprandial blood glucose when muscle glycogen is broken down into glucose in large amounts. Because of the presence of insulin resistance, blood glucose levels can rise further. Insulin resistance can also occur in fat cells, which do not cause an increase in blood glucose, but higher insulin levels in the blood promote fat accumulation, which leads to weight gain and a continuous vicious cycle. When insulin resistance is present in the body, it can lead to many metabolic changes that can cause type 2 diabetes and other diseases such as heart disease, cancer and even Alzheimer’s disease. The appearance of insulin resistance precedes the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Since the development of insulin resistance can bring about a number of health problems, it is important to eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Because these three things are the primary causes of insulin resistance.